- APMar. 11, 2012: People offer prayers to mourn the victims of the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami on a hill in Natori, Miyagi prefecture, Japan.
TOKYO – For
70-year-old Toshiko Murakami, memories of the terrifying earthquake and
tsunami that destroyed much of her seaside town and swept away her
sister brought fresh tears Sunday, exactly a year after the disaster.
"My sister is still missing so I can't find
peace within myself," she said before attending a ceremony in a tent in
Rikuzentaka marking the anniversary of the March 11, 2011, disaster that
killed just over 19,000 people and unleashed the world's worst nuclear
crisis in a quarter century.
Across Japan, people paused at 2:46 p.m. —
the moment the magnitude-9.0 quake struck a year ago — for moments of
silence, prayer and reflection about the enormous losses suffered and
monumental tasks ahead.
Japan must rebuild dozens of ravaged coastal
communities, shut down the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power
plant and decontaminate radiated land so it is inhabitable again.
These are enormous burdens on a country
already straining under the weight of an aging, shrinking population,
bulging national debt and an economy that's been stagnant for two
decades.
Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda reminded the
Japanese people that they have overcome many disasters and difficulties
in the past and pledged to rebuild the nation so it will be "reborn as
an even better place."
"Our predecessors who bought prosperity to
Japan have repeatedly risen up from crises, every time becoming
stronger," Noda said at a ceremony at the National Theater attended by
the emperor and empress.
Later, he told a news conference he hoped to
see the disaster-hit areas fully rebuilt when "babies born on the day
of the disasters turn 10 years old."
The earthquake was the strongest recorded in
Japan's history, and set off a tsunami that swelled to more than 65
feet in some spots along the northeastern coast, destroying tens of
thousands of homes and causing widespread destruction.
All told, some 325,000 people are still in
temporary housing. While much of the debris along the tsunami-ravaged
coast has been gathered into massive piles, only 6 percent has been
disposed of through incineration.
Very little rebuilding has begun. Many towns
are still finalizing reconstruction plans, some of which involve moving
residential areas to higher, safer ground — ambitious, costly projects.
Bureaucratic delays in coordination between the central government and
local officials have also slowed rebuilding efforts.
In Rikuzentakata, which lost 1,691 residents
out of its pre-quake population of 24,246, a siren sounded at 2:46 p.m.
and a Buddhist priest in a purple robe rang a huge bell at a temple
overlooking a barren area where houses once stood.
At the same moment in the seaside town of Onagawa, people facing the ocean pressed their hands together in silent prayer.
Memorial services continued into the night. In Ishinomaki, survivors lit some 2,000 candles to mourn for the victims.
The memories of last March 11 are still raw
for Naomi Fujino, a 42-year-old Rikuzentakata resident who lost her
father in the tsunami. She escaped with her mother to a nearby hill,
where they watched the enormous wave wash away their home. They waited
all night, but her father never came as he had promised. Two months
later, his body was found.
"I wanted to save people, but I couldn't. I
couldn't even help my father. I cannot keep crying," Fujino said. "What
can I do but keep on going?"
In Tokyo, anti-nuclear demonstrators waving
banners, beating drums and shouting slogans marched to the headquarters
of Tokyo Electric Power Co., the operator of the Fukushima nuclear
plant.
As dusk fell, protesters holding candlelit
lanterns linked arms to form a human chain nearly all the way around the
parliament building.
Public opposition to nuclear power has grown
in the wake of the Fukushima disaster, the worst since Chernobyl in
1986. The tsunami knocked out the plant's cooling systems, causing
meltdowns at three reactors and spewing radiation into the air. Some
100,000 residents who were evacuated remain in temporary housing or with
relatives.
Only two of Japan's 54 reactors are now
running while those shut down for regular inspections undergo special
tests to check their ability to withstand similar disasters. They could
all go offline by the end of April if none is restarted.
The Japanese government has pledged to
reduce reliance on nuclear power, which supplied about 30 percent of the
nation's energy before the disaster, but says it needs to restart some
nuclear plants during the transition period.
Emperor Akihito, 78, who recently underwent
heart bypass surgery, voiced concern in a speech at the national
memorial ceremony about the difficulty of decontaminating land around
the plant. Workers are using everything from shovels and high-powered
water guns to chemicals that absorb radiation, but it is huge, costly
project fraught with uncertainty.
The Environment Ministry expects it will
generate at least 130 million cubic yards (100 million cubic meters) of
soil, enough to fill 80 domed baseball stadiums.
"We shall not let our memory of the
disasters fade, pay attention to disaster prevention and continue our
effort to make this land an even safer place to live," Akihito said.
In December, the government declared that
the crippled Fukushima plant was basically stable and that radiation has
subsided significantly. But the plant's chief acknowledged recently
that it remains in a fragile state, and makeshift equipment — some
mended with tape — is keeping crucial systems running.
Enormous risks and challenges lie ahead at
the plant, including locating and removing melted nuclear fuel from the
inside of the reactors and disposing spent fuel rods. Completely
decommissioning the plant could take 40 years.
Noda has acknowledged failures in the
government's response to the disaster, including being too slow in
relaying key information and believing too much in "a myth of safety"
about nuclear power.
In a statement from Vienna marking the
anniversary, the International Atomic Energy Agency called the Fukushima
accident "a jolt to the nuclear industry, regulators and governments."
Although it was triggered by a natural
disaster, the accident highlighted "existing weaknesses" in regulatory
oversight, accident management and defense against natural hazards, the
IAEA said.
For Tamiko Oshimizu, the day brought a sense of closure.
Shown on TV wearing protective coveralls and
a surgical mask to protect against radiation as she joined a small
group of evacuees entering the 12-mile no-go zone around the Fukushima
plant, she placed a bouquet at the site of her aunt and uncle's former
house in Namie.
"You must have been so scared," Oshimizu
said, referring to her relatives, who perished in the tsunami. "Until
today I was not able to accept the reality. But today I'm going to face
it and move on."
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